Количество страниц: 6 с.
- Прикладные науки. Медицина. Ветеринария. Техника. Сельское хозяйство > Инженерное дело. Техника в целом > Строительство подземных сооружений. Земляные работы,
- Математика. Естественные науки > Общая геология . Метеорология. Климатология. Историческая геология. Стратиграфия. Палеогеография,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ НАУКИ. МЕДИЦИНА. ТЕХНИКА. СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО > Инженерное дело. Техника в целом > Строительство подземных сооружений. Земляные работы,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > МАТЕМАТИКА. ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Геология. Геологические и геофизические науки.
The large amount of peaty soils on the territory of the Russian Federation, especially in the Arctic zone, necessitates the study of their temperature regime and thermophysical properties. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the thermal conductivity and amount of unfrozen water in sandy soils with varying degrees of peat content. Experiments were carried out on samples with a damaged structure, which were represented by slightly decomposed peat, medium-grained river sand and their various mixtures. It has been established that the degree of peat content affects such physical values as porosity, thermal conductivity and the amount of unfrozen water. For thawed peaty sandy soils, as the degree of peat content increases, the porosity value increases. For both thawed and frozen peaty sand soils, thermal conductivity decreases with increasing degree of peat content. Moreover, the thermal conductivity for frozen soils are higher than for thawed soils. The amount of unfrozen water also depends on the degree of peat in the soil and decreases as it increases. The measured thermophysical properties of peaty sand soil can be used to model the temperature regime in the area of frozen and thawed peat soils.
Теплофизические свойства торфов и заторфованных песчаных грунтов / Протодьяконова Н. А., Степанов А. В., Тимофеев А. М. [и др.] ; Институт физико-технических проблем Севера им. В. П. Ларионова // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2024. - N 1. - С. 52-57. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38207
DOI: 10.17513/use.38207
Количество страниц: 6 с.
This article contains data on the nature and level of study of the territories in which the north-eastern part of the Sakha Republic is located, which are potentially oil and gas bearing. In 1979-1992, seismic exploration of oil and gas was carried out in the Tastakh trough, the Zyryanka depression by JSC Yakutskgeofizika. The section of the Tastakh trough includes strata of terrigenous rocks of lithological unconstrained composition. Its capacity is 2.5-4.5 kilometers. The paper describes reflecting horizons based on Neogene-Quaternary, Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits. In addition, during the research, it was found that the Lower Cretaceous sediments present in the Tompon depression are divided by the Tomporuk-Kitchan zone of thrust divisions of the Late Cretaceous stage of activation of the Verkhoyano-Kolyma region. Upper Jurassic volcanogenic sedimentary rocks, Lower Cretaceous coal-bearing deposits are contained in the Zyryanka depression at 6 and 5 thousand meters, respectively. This article contains an opportunity for the allocation of time intervals, interpretation of sedimentary synchronous complexes of deflections, depressions, shelf. Seismic materials in these territories have a quality that can be recycled. The evidence of the need for this procedure appears during discussions on the topic of geological development, the structure of the mountain-folded Verkhoyano-Kolyma region, as well as the shelf that adjoins it. These data are confirmation of the presence of oil and gas in these territories. The work was carried out with the scientific equipment of the Center for Collective Use of the Federal research center ҺYakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesһ under grant No. 13.TsKP.21.0016. Support was received in the form of funds under the State Assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 122011100158-1.
Оболкин, А. П. Анализ сейсморазведочных исследований для оценки нефтегазоносности северо-востока Якутии / Оболкин А. П., Слепцова М. И., Севостьянова Р. Ф. ; Институт проблем нефти и газа // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 12. - С. 193-198. - DOI: 0.17513/use.38191
DOI: 10.17513/use.38191
Количество страниц: 7 с.
This article considers the capabilities of the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method in solving engineering geocryological problems at sites of placer mining operations in the permafrost zone. The methodology of conducting GPR measurements in the conditions of an active deposit is presented, taking into account those areas where continuous profiling is difficult. Its peculiarity lies in conducting measurements by angular GPR scanning (AGS) at individual points to assess the geocryological conditions of the rock mass. The features of the GPR wave fields of the geocryological section are considered. Interpretative characteristics are proposed that allow distinguishing signals reflected from the boundaries of frozen-thawed rocks. It has been established that reflection signals from thawed rocks are detected by an increase in their amplitude values and a shift of the central frequency of the spectrum to the low-frequency area compared to the characteristics of signals obtained when probing frozen rock areas. The results of geocryological studies in the Northern part of the Yakutsk diamondiferous province using GPR and drilling methods are presented. In accordance with the proposed interpretation features, wave fields were analyzed, and information from more than ten wells was used to confirm the interpretation: thawed rocks were detected in five wells. Based on the GPR data, a map of thawed rock distribution at depths of 1.5-5.9 m across the study area was constructed using seven profiles. The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (topic No. 0297-2021-0020, of the unified state information system for recording research, development and technological work for civil purposes No. 122011800086-1) and the program of activities of the scientific and educational center “NORTH: Territory of Sustainable Development” for technological project No. 4: “Technologies for efficient and comprehensive extraction of useful components from mineral raw materials” using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use of the Federal research center ҺYakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesһ, grant No. 13. Center for collective use 21.0016.
Федорова, Л. Л. Определение участков талых пород в многолетнемерзлом массиве по данным георадиолокации / Федорова Л. Л., Куляндин Г. А., Прудецкий Н. Д. ; Институт горного дела Севера им. Н. В. Черского // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 11. - С. 192-198. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38163
DOI: 10.17513/use.38163
Количество страниц: 6 с.
The article examines the influence of the Elga Coal Complex (ECC) on the hydrochemical state of surface waters. Open-pit mining of the Elga coal deposit takes place on the watershed of the Mulam and Algoma rivers, which are part of the hydrographic network of the Uchur river. During field work in 2012-2019, water samples for analysis were taken in two areas: on the right tributaries of the Algoma river and Bolshoye Toko Lake. Based on the analysis of selected samples, a new hydrochemical composition of water bodies was identified based on generally accepted methods in the Russian Federation. All samples had exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations for water bodies of fishery importance (MPCf), except for Lake Bolshoye Toko. The identified changes are presumably seasonal. In winter the flow on the tributaries of the Algoma and Mulam completely stops or decreases to vanishingly small values. To identify patterns in the formation of the qualitative state of water bodies in the zone affected by open-pit coal mining in permafrost conditions, further systematic observations are required until the planned production of high-quality coal oriented for export is achieved. The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. FWRS-2021-0014.
Изменение гидрохимического состояния поверхностных вод в зоне воздействия Эльгинского угольного комплекса (2012-2019 гг.) / Ноговицын Д. Д., Никулин К. В., Сергеева Л. П. [и др.] ; Институт физико-технических проблем Севера им. В. П. Ларионова // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 11. - С. 168-173. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38159
DOI: 10.17513/use.38159
Количество страниц: 6 с.
Николаева, Н. А. Оценка устойчивости ландшафтов угольных месторождений Южно-Якутского угольного бассейна Республики Саха (Якутии) / Николаева Н. А. ; Институт физико-технических проблем Севера им. В. П. Ларионова // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 10. - С. 88-93. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38118
DOI: 10.17513/use.38118
Количество страниц: 6 с.
The physical properties of air and water as carriers of thermal energy, used or taken into account in the development of devices and technologies for the use of natural thermal resources, are briefly stated. The developed cooling and heating devices and technologies that use the thermal energy of air and water are presented. It is shown how the change in the design achieved an increase in the reliability of the air thermosiphon used for local cooling of the soils of the foundations of structures. The technology of accumulating cold atmospheric air in an array of frozen soils containing underground structures, which has been successfully used for more than 10 years to control the temperature regime of the Federal Cryostorage of Plant Seeds in Yakutsk, in which only natural cold resources are used for the first time in the world, is given. The technology for creating an underground accumulator of cold atmospheric air by freezing water and using the heat of its phase transition to cool liquids and gases, as well as the results of experimental tests, are described. The efficiency of using the heat of the phase transition of water for heating some types of industrial premises is shown. A method for reducing the buoyant effect of frost heaving of soils on pile foundations by heating freezing heaving soils with the heat of the phase transition of water is described.
Кузьмин, Г. П. Устройства и технологии использования природных криогенных ресурсов / Кузьмин Г. П. ; Институт мерзлотоведения им. П. И. Мельникова // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 9. - С. 71-76. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38105
DOI: 10.17513/use.38105
Количество страниц: 9 с.
- Краеведение. Археология. География. Биографии. История > Общие вопросы. География как наука. Географические исследования,
- Математика. Естественные науки > Экономическая геология. Месторождение полезных ископаемых,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > КРАЕВЕДЕНИЕ. ГЕОГРАФИЯ. БИОГРАФИИ. ИСТОРИЯ > Общие вопросы. География как наука. Географические исследования,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > МАТЕМАТИКА. ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Геология. Геологические и геофизические науки.
The materials of reports and publications on the seismogeological characteristics of the Anabar-Olenek structural zone, the shelves of the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea have been studied. The work performed is aimed at clarifying, detailing and increasing the reliability of further research, previously updated in the process of scientific study of geological exploration materials of past years. The geological factors affecting the distribution of average and interval velocities of seismic reflection waves in the sedimentary cover are considered. For the entire territory, researchers have established an increase in reservoir and average velocities in the sedimentary cover as its thickness increases. This dependence is typical for the continental part of the platform. In the shelf deposits of the northern seas of Yakutia, the velocity dependence is determined by tectonic and magmatic factors, which become decisive for the Gakkel Ridge, Hyperborea, and the Novosibirsk-Chukotka structural zone. In the western part of the Laptev Sea, the surface of the consolidated crust corresponds to the surface of the Archean-Lower Proterozoic crystalline basement. In the rest of the territory, in the wave seismic field, the foundation is the asynchronous acoustic boundary of the surface of metamorphosed and dislocated strata with an age interval from the Riphean to the Paleogene. The observed complex wave pattern and various options for seismic reflector binding, in the opinion of the authors, are largely due to the structural and tectonic features of the evolution and interaction of the Siberian platform, Hyperborea, the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma folded region, the Arctic plume, the Novosibirsk-Chukotka structural-tectonic zone. The work was carried out with financial support within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 122011100158-1 using the scientific equipment of the Center for Shared Use of the Federal Research Center ҺThe Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesһ within the framework of grant No. 13.TsKP.21.0016.
Оболкин, А. П. Особенности сейсмогеологических характеристик Анабаро-Оленекской структурной зоны, шельфов моря Лаптевых и Восточно-Сибирского моря / Оболкин А. П., Слепцова М. И. ; Институт проблем нефти и газа // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 9. - С. 54-62. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38103
DOI: 10.17513/use.38103
Количество страниц: 6 с.
- Математика. Естественные науки > Геология. Геологические и геофизические науки,
- Математика. Естественные науки > Общая геология . Метеорология. Климатология. Историческая геология. Стратиграфия. Палеогеография,
- НАУКА ЯКУТИИ > МАТЕМАТИКА. ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ > Геология. Геологические и геофизические науки.
One of the ways to obtain information about the cryogenic state of rocks by GPR is based on the analysis of the in-phase axes of signals reflected from local objects. On the images of GPR radargrams, similar in-phase axes are represented by hyperbolic curves. On the basis of their localization and refinement of the form, the speed of passage of an electromagnetic wave in the medium is determined. To refine the shape of the hyperbolic curve in the developed algorithm, methods based on the Hough transform were used. To optimize the performance of the algorithm, restrictions on the dimensions of the original and accumulator spaces are introduced. The boundaries of the original space were determined on the basis of previous studies on the detection of hyperbolic axes of common-mode signals. The dimension of the Hough space was reduced on the basis of a priori knowledge of the possible allowable speed of electromagnetic waves in the medium. As a result of the work of the created software, the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in space above the local object and the real part of the complex relative permittivity are calculated, which makes it possible to determine the electrophysical properties of the medium. Testing of the developed algorithm was carried out on the results of field georadar measurements and synthetic data. The accuracy of the results of the algorithm was 98.6 %, which indicates the adequacy of its applicability for studying ice in permafrost layers.
Петрова, Е. А. Определение положения подземного льда в массиве мерзлых горных пород по данным георадиолокации на основе преобразования Хафа / Петрова Е. А., Соколов К. О., Прудецкий Н. Д. ; Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова, Институт горного дела Севера имени Н. В. Черского // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 8. - С. 86-91. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38092
DOI: 10.17513/use.38092
Количество страниц: 6 с.
The Basin of the Vilyui river is located on the territory of Western Yakutia, one of the most developed and industrialized parts of Yakutia, which is of great economic and strategic importance for Russia. The region is the center of the diamond mining industry of the Russian Federation, where primary and alluvial diamond deposits are developed, a cascade of hydroelectric power stations is located on the river Vilyui. This causes environmental and social problems, negatively affecting all components of the natural environment. It is necessary to study the stability of northern landscapes to technogenic impact and study the hydrobiological state of aquatic ecosystems, in particular, the state of the algoflora of watercourses. As a result of studying the degree of stability of landscapes in the basin of the river Vilyui to technogenic impact on permafrost and bioclimatic indicators, the degree of their resistance is determined. It was revealed that, according to the permafrost characteristics, the northern taiga open forest and haze landscapes are defined as predominantly weakly resistant, the middle taiga as medium resistant. The most unstable in terms of bioclimatic indicators were mountain-tundra landscapes, characterized by the coldest and most humid conditions. As a result of studies of the current hydrobiological state of the rivers in the basin of the river Vilyui determined the low development of phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton in the river Irelyakh, M. Botuobuya and in the upper reaches of the river Vilyui, consisting of a monotonous species composition of diatoms and green algae. The maximum average number of algae varies from 82290 cells/l to 20700 cells/l, the highest biomass was noted in one area and is 1.58 mg/l. The Shannon-Weaver biodiversity index varies by sampling points along the river. Vilyuy from 0.19 bits / copy. and 1.00 bits/copy. up to 2.40 bits/copy. According to the sanitary-biological characteristics, mass species-indicators of water saprobicity were identified, which indicates the III class of water purity, as moderately polluted. Thus, it was determined that the state of phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton is under the influence of the technogenic load of diamond mining and hydropower enterprises.The work was carried out according to the state assignment on the topic “Vegetation cover of the permafrost zone of the taiga Yakutia: biodiversity, habitat-forming functions, protection and rational use” (scientific topic code: FWRS-2021-0023; draft state task (No. FWRS-2021-0014) of the program in the priority area of the PFNI RF for the long-term period (2021-2030).
Николаева, Н. А. Оценка некоторых аспектов состояния рек и ландшафтов Западной Якутии в условиях антропогенного воздействия / Николаева Н. А., Копырина Л. И. ; Институт физико-технических проблем Севера им. В. П. Ларионова, Институт биологических проблем криолитозоны // Успехи современного естествознания. - 2023. - N 6. - С. 59-64. - DOI: 10.17513/use.38004
DOI: 10.17513/use.38004
Ответственность: Рожин Игорь Иванович (Редактор), Васильев Василий Иванович (Прочие), Степанов Анатолий Викторович (Прочие), Тимофеев Айал Михайлович (Прочие)
Издательство: СО РАН
Год выпуска: 2023
Количество страниц: 172 с.
Пермяков, П. П. Математическое моделирование негативных мерзлотных процессов / П. П. Пермяков : ответственный редактор И. И. Рожин : рецензенты : доктор физико-математических наук В. И. Васильев, доктор технических наук А. В. Степанов, доктор технических наук А. М. Тимофеев – Новосибирск : СО РАН, 2023. – 160 c. – 978-5-6048598-7-2.
DOI: 10.53954/9785604859872